CONTRIBUTOR(S): Vetstream Ltd, Hannah Capon, Fear Free,
Osteoarthritis management
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common painful condition in pets, causing changes in their behavior, capabilities and how they move. It is prevalent in dogs and cats of all ages but is more readily identified as they get older as the clinical signs become more obvious. If not managed appropriately, pets may be left in constant pain, lose their independent mobility and are at risk of premature euthanasia for welfare reasons. However, there are numerous readily available and affordable management options which reduce the pain, slow the progression of the disease and leave the pet with a good quality of life. “Osteoarthritis is not the end of the road, it is just the start of a new direction!”
Laser therapy: treatment of stifle osteoarthritis
©Stephen Barabas
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects the whole joint. The cartilage in the joint degenerates, becoming damaged and thinned. The underlying bone becomes thickened and loses its concussion absorbing properties. The joint capsule that surrounds, stabilizes, nourishes and protects the rest of the joint becomes thickened and new bone may form around the joint. All these changes contribute to a joint that is initially painful when used, but over time that pain can become continuous as well as radiate. Other regions of the dog's body will become further sources of discomfort over time as the dog attempts to shift body weight and function away from the arthritic joint, highlighting the importance of identifying arthritis early. Arthritis in dogs is commonly secondary to developmental joint diseases, such as hip dysplasia, elbow developmental disease and patellar luxation, and because large dog breeds are more prone to these conditions, they are more likely to develop osteoarthritis. However, in reality small and medium breeds also regularly succumb to arthritis due to development related conditions, joint trauma and excess body weight. Knowing that osteoarthritis is a long-term, non-curable, progressive condition that actually begins when a dog is in its prime should encourage all dog owners to maintain their dog at an appropriate weight, encourage regular appropriate exercise, be vigilant for early signs, as well as getting their dog routinely checked by a veterinary professional. So if you’ve noticed that your faithful friend is not as keen to go out for their regular walks, and you had put it down to them 'growing up' or old age - don't! Many pets will not advertise their pain and instead simply appear quieter and more subdued. These subtle changes in behavior presentation can lead to the early signs of joint pain going unnoticed, but by being vigilant and investigating any concerns, the disease can be identified earlier and more management options exist.
What is an acute flare?
Acute flares are common and are often the cause of an owner taking their dog to the veterinarian for the first time. They assume the sudden onset of obvious clinical signs, such as struggling to walk, not willing to stand has only just developed when in fact it has been smoldering away for months. An acute flare is when your dog experiences a sudden increase in joint related pain which commonly occurs when your dog has overdone an activity, such as playing fetch or jumping into the car. This sudden deterioration should always be investigated because an apparent flare may actually be due to another condition such as a joint infection, trauma, or even an unrelated concurrent condition which will need appropriate management. Acute flares will subside with appropriate management and your veterinarian may recommend a plan encompassing a period of rest or controlled exercise, an increase in pain relief medication, and lots of mental distraction. In addition they may suggest other interventions like laser therapy, acupuncture, and physiotherapy to support the medication being prescribed.
How will my dog’s osteoarthritis be managed?
Fortunately, there are many ways to help your dog with osteoarthritis. Your veterinarian will likely recommend multimodal management - this means that several strategies/treatments may be introduced at the same time, such as medications, supplements, physical therapies, weight control, lifestyle adaptations, and surgery. The recommended management plan will depend on which joints are affected, and the severity of your dog's condition, as well as your circumstances. The treatments are unlikely to stop or slow the progression of OA but should improve your dog’s symptoms, allowing your pet to have a good quality of life for an extended period of time.