Kidney problems in snakes

Snakes have two kidneys like mammals. The purpose of the kidneys is to remove toxins from the body.

In mammals all fluid taken in by the body is processed by the kidneys; these include cups of tea, soft drinks and of course water. The kidney ensures that there is enough water to keep the body hydrated. Any water not required is stored in the bladder until it is passed as urine, which in most mammals is a clear yellow liquid.

The kidneys of reptiles are different. They do not have the ability to retain water within the body. Reptile urine is a mixture of water and a solid white material called uric acid. The snake has developed unique ways to keep the body hydrated. There is a small flap inside the urodeum that can move water into the large bowel where it is reabsorbed into the body. The snake can also absorb water up through the vent whilst bathing. So if you feel your snake is becoming dehydrated increased bathing may help with hydration levels. Their urine is stored in the urodeum and passes out of the body through the vent.

Gout is a condition caused by too much uric acid in the body. The uric acid presents itself as solid white material which can easily be spotted in the urine. Sometimes if the uric acid levels are too high these hard crystals deposit themselves in the muscles, joints and organs causing damage.

Make sure your snake always has enough water to drink because dehydration can contribute to the development of gout. Feeding a balanced nutritious diet to your snake will also prevent gout.

Gout is a serious condition and will need veterinary treatment.

There are many causes of kidney failure. These may include infections, inflammation and toxic damage. A snake with kidney failure will be less active than usual, lose his appetite, suffer weight loss and become dehydrated.

To avoid kidney failure your snake’s housing must be maintained at the correct temperature and your snake always needs to have access to drinking water. The temperature of the vivarium varies depending on species.  A correct diet is also vital. Do not over dust food with calcium powder as this can also damage the kidneys. A good diet also helps to support the immune system.

Any weight loss or change in eating habits needs a visit to the veterinarian! It’s important to weigh your snake weekly and monitor his eating habits to help you pick up on any changes.