Kidney problems in terrapins

Mammals and terrapins have two kidneys. The purpose of the kidneys is to remove toxins and waste material from the body.

In mammals all fluid taken in by the body is processed by the kidneys; these include cups of tea, soft drinks and of course water. The kidney ensures that there is enough water to keep the body hydrated. Any water not required is stored in the bladder until it is passed as urine, which in most mammals is a clear yellow liquid.

The kidneys of reptiles are different. They do not have the ability to retain water within the body. Most reptile urine is a mixture of water and a solid white material called uric acid. The terrapin is different and has developed unique ways to keep the body hydrated. Unlike most land reptiles, terrapins produce urea in urine rather than uric acid. Urea is clear, similar to urine without the solid white material that is uric acid.

Terrapins are unusual as they have a large bladder connected to the urodeum which can hold almost a third of their bodyweight. There is a small flap inside the urodeum that can move water into the large bowel where it is reabsorbed into the body. The terrapin can also absorb water up through the vent whilst bathing. Their urine is stored in the urodeum and passes out of the body through the vent.

Many different diseases affect the kidneys. These include infections, inflammation, toxic damage and parasites. A terrapin with kidney failure will be less active than usual, lose his appetite, suffer weight loss and become dehydrated. Observe your terrapin’s normal activity and appetite level so that you can recognize changes. You should also weigh your terrapin weekly to spot any changes in weight which can again indicate ill health.

To avoid kidney failure your terrapin’s housing must be maintained at the correct temperature and your terrapin always needs to have access to drinking water. If you feel your terrapin is becoming dehydrated, try to increase his time in the water and provide fresh drinking water. Be aware that anything you can do at home to aid hydration levels is not a replacement for veterinary care. A correct diet is also vital; do not over dust food with calcium powder as this can also damage the kidneys. A good diet also helps to support the immune system.

Any weight loss or change in eating habits needs a visit to the veterinarian! Ensure to weigh your terrapin weekly to help you spot any changes that may indicate ill health.